While aviation represents a relatively small share of overall emissions with <3%, it is fast growing and hard to abate. Among solutions, Kerosene is affordable and in secure supply but has high CO2 emissions; bio-based SAFs have low emissions, are relatively affordable but lack scalability due to limited feedstock. E-Fuels have low emissions but are expensive. This session explores the state of technological maturity, cost and learning curve dynamics of this latter option.

• E-fuels: How big how fast?
• Technology is duke, location is king. How to convene the rare three: cheap (green) H2, cheap (non-fossil) CO2, cheap (green) electricity?
• Equipment readiness: will planes be ready to fly on e-fuels?
• What regulation is most effectively driving progress?